Nova Scotia is the second-smallest of Canada’s provinces with a total area of 55,283 km² (21,345 sq mi). It is the most populous of the three Maritime provinces with about 936,000 inhabitants. Surrounded by water, its climate is moderate and is more nearly continental than maritime. GDP is C$31.966 billion, while per-capita income is C$34,210. Its industry base, formerly based on natural resources, has expanded to include services and the arts. English is the de facto official language, with French also being spoken. John Cabot is believed to have been the first historical European to land in the region in 1497. Later in 1604, the French established the first European settlement north of Florida, Port Royal. After the British gained control of the area in the 18th century, they founded Halifax, the present-day capital and largest city. Nova Scotia later became one of the founding members of the Canadian Confederation in 1867.
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